Many people do not understand why others become addicted to alcohol and drugs, or how these substances change the brain to foster compulsive abuse. They mistakenly view alcohol and drug abuse and addiction as strictly a social problem and characterize people who are addicted as morally weak.

One very common belief is that addicts should be able to stop drinking and taking drugs if they are willing to change their behavior. People often underestimate the complexity of addiction; it is a disease that impacts the brain. Stopping alcohol and drug abuse is simply not a matter of willpower. Through scientific advances, we now know much more about how alcohol and drugs work in the brain. Addiction is treatable, allowing people to resume productive lives.

The use of American Indian cultural activities in alcohol and drug addiction prevention programs is part of the indigenous cultural renaissance that has been under way in tribal communities since the late 1960s. American Indians’ pride in their heritage has been growing, as has their awareness of their unique position as nations within a nation.

American Indians are reviving traditional ceremonies and practices and are seeking increased political self-determination and fiscal autonomy. The cultural revival among indigenous peoples emphasizes the spiritual aspect of their traditions "with its emphasis on individual spirit power" and sobriety in tribal lands.